Generally, paramedics and emergency medical technicians or the EMTs only need a high school degree to start formal training. Skills training can also come in varying levels: the EMT Basic, the EMT Intermediate and the Paramedics.
The EMT Basic level training tackles basic emergency services skills such as patient assessment and handling trauma, respiratory and cardiac distress. The training will include both lecture and practical skill application. Apart from that, students will also be taught how to use and operate the most common equipment used during medical emergency situations such as the oxygen delivery systems, backboards, suction devices and others.
The EMT Intermediate training requirements on the other hand, can vary from state to state. It will require around 30-350 hours of training and practical applications which involves other skills such as administering intravenous fluids and using advanced airway devices - techniques which were not taught in the previous level.
The most advanced training level is the Paramedic level where trainees are taught even more advanced medical skills and training in physiology and anatomy. The program can last up to 1 or 2 years and EMTs who pass the training are then awarded with an associate degree. After passing the course, they need to take and pass the NREMT examination to be able to practice as certified paramedics.
As mentioned before, EMT intermediate training can differ from state to state and thus, NREMT examinations can vary by jurisdiction. Apart from the NREMT, all EMTs need to take the state examination as well. Some states however can give their EMTs the option of taking either the State examination of the NREMT. Most states also require license renewal every two to three years. Some will also need EMTs and paramedics to take refresher courses before new licenses are granted.
Apart from the educational and training requirements, people involved in providing emergency services should also be mentally and physically fit to be able to do the job and do it well.
Lastly, a job in the emergency medical service is not a dead end position. Most of the time, EMTs who perform well can get promoted to different administrative positions - from operation managers, supervisors to administrative directors.
As of 2008, it was estimated that there are over 200,000 paramedics and EMTs employed in the country. Apart from the paid EMTs, there are a few who offer emergency services for free as well, through different volunteer programs. Competition on the job market is also very tough. So for a better shot at a position, get the most advanced training and gather as much experience and certifications that you can afford.
